Reuse networks or service economies for consumer goods are examples of disruptive low carbon innovations relating to material wellbeing. Reuse networks like Freecycle circulate used goods among members. Service economies provide goods on a per-use basis from a central shared pool (e.g., for garden tools). These social innovations perform poorly (if at all) on valued mainstream attributes of ownership, newness, and brand status. Rather, they offer novel attributes to end users including use value, reciprocity, and collaboration.
