Car clubs and car sharing are examples of disruptive low carbon innovations relating to mobility. Car clubs such as Zipcar and Car2Go offer a pool of vehicles to members for use over short periods of time on an as-needs basis. Car sharing (or lift sharing) is the shared use of a private vehicle for a specific journey, particularly commuting. Both car clubs and car sharing perform poorly on valued mainstream attributes associated with car ownership. Rather, they offer novel attributes to end users including service use, collaboration, inter-dependent exchange, and no maintenance or care obligations.
